Ocimum basilicum L. (family Lamiaceae) is a commonly cultivated European and Asian plant with an intense herbal spicy and sweet aroma, deriving its name from the Greek ‘basileus’, meaning king or royal fragrance.
The green leafy herb has a folklore history; in India, it was used to ward off evil and considered sacred.
Habitat
Sweet basil is native to the tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Thai and Genovese basil are cultivars of this plant.
Fragrant edible leaves are excellent in soups, stews, and meat dishes. Sweet basil prefers full sun and moist, well-drained soils.
It is an herbaceous plant with an erect growth habit and branching stems. The herbaceous, aromatic stem is 4-sided and hairless (or sometimes slightly hairy), tending to branch. Small, white flowers (1 cm long) have an upper and lower lip, with the lower lip slightly larger.
Phytochemistry
Ocimum basilicum, known for its ornamental and therapeutic importance, contains terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponin glycosides, and ascorbic acid.
Basil contains vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants such as lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin. Many health benefits come from these antioxidants and essential oils, mostly preserved in fresh basil.
Nutritional Prowess
Basil is rich in antioxidants, including anthocyanins, and beta-carotene, combating free radicals to reduce the risk of health conditions like cancer, heart disease, arthritis, and diabetes.
Some studies suggest basil in the diet may help reduce high blood sugar levels and mitigate long-term effects.
Eugenol in basil can block calcium channels, aiding in blood pressure reduction. Essential oils can help lower cholesterol and triglycerides, and magnesium promotes improved blood flow.
Basil’s essential oils, including eugenol, linalool, and citronellol, combat inflammation, lowering the risk of conditions like arthritis, heart disease, and bowel issues.
Dermatological Perks
Basil’s antibacterial properties help fight bacteria, offering protection against respiratory, urinary, abdominal, or skin infections.
Basil aids in preventing acne due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Basil, with natural oils, acts as a natural cleanser, removing excess oil and impurities.
Basil soothes and calms the skin, reducing swelling and pain associated with acne.