Elaka

Overview

Cardamom, also known as cardamon or cardamum, is a spice derived from the seeds of plants in the genera Elettaria and Amomum within the family Zingiberaceae.
Both genera are native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia.
Recognized by their small seed pods- triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped- with a thin, papery outer shell and small, black seeds; Elettaria pods are light green and smaller, while Amomum pods are larger and dark brown.
Cardamom species are native to tropical and subtropical Asia, with historical references found in ancient Ayurvedic literature. Today, cultivation extends to Guatemala, Malaysia, and Tanzania.
The cultivation of cardamom dates to ancient times, referenced in Sanskrit texts as Elam. Babylonians, Assyrians, and ancient Greeks valued its health benefits, leading to trade routes expanding into western Asia and the Mediterranean.

The evergreen forests of the Western Ghats in South India are considered the centre of origin and natural habitat of cardamom.

The essential oil content of cardamom seeds, influenced by storage conditions, may reach up to 8%. The oil comprises 45% α-terpineol, 27% myrcene, 8% limonene, 6% menthone, 3% β-phellandrene, 2% 1,8-cineol, 2% sabinene, and 2% heptane.
Round cardamom seeds from Java (Wurfbainia compacta) have a lower essential oil content (2 to 4%), mainly consisting of 1,8-cineol (up to 70%) and β-pinene (16%), along with α-pinene, α-terpineol, and humulene.

Cardamom’s diuretic effect helps regulate high blood pressure by promoting frequent urination and detoxifying the blood.
Used widely in Indian cuisine, cardamom aids digestion and acts as a digestive stimulant and carminative. The essential oil menthone in cardamom alleviates gastrointestinal problems, including stomach ulcers and acid reflux, with anti-inflammatory properties easing stomach discomfort and nausea. Some use it to alleviate motion sickness.
Cardamom, a natural breath freshener, contains cardamom oil (cineole) with antimicrobial properties that promote oral health. Chewing cardamom seeds balances mouth pH, preventing cavities and gum diseases.
A blend of cardamom and essential oils, including ginger, lemon, and lavender, aids in post-surgery recovery, alleviating disorientation and nausea.
Cardamom clears sinuses, reduces respiratory inflammation, and protects cells from damage, serving as a soothing agent with anti-inflammatory compounds.
Cardamom’s element, cineole, acts as an antimicrobial, preventing bacterial infections in the lungs. Black cardamom contributes to improved respiratory health, helping reduce asthma and wheezing by clearing nasal passages and chest phlegm.

Cardamom prevents breakouts, erases blemishes, and controls sebum flow, promoting clear skin with an even complexion.
Antioxidants in cardamom make it ideal for preventing chapped lips. Cardamom essential oils are added to lip balms for fragrance and smoothness.

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